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Key Words On
Essay Exams
Watch out
for these words on essay tests. They're the most important part of the
question. Know what they mean, and you'll be sure you know what kind of
answer to write before you write it.
Analyze:
To analyze is to look at something closely, to break it down into its
components. If you are asked to analyze, chances are the question requires
you to give reasons, interpret, compare, contrast, define, evaluate, and/or
explain the topic.
Compare:
Examine the similarities between two or more related things.
Contrast:
Examine the differences between two or more related things.
Criticize:
Express your informed judgment of the merits of the topic in question. Point
out both good points and weaknesses. Give logical reasons; do not simply
spout your opinion.
Define:
To what class does the item belong? How does it differ from other items in
that class? What is the item not?
Discuss:
This type of question calls for a complete, detailed analysis of the item in
question. Use any strategies (comparison, contrast, definition) that will
help you explore the topic.
Enumerate:
Concisely list all the points required by the question. (See "list.")
Evaluate:
See "criticize."
Explain:
Here, the aim is to clarify the conditions which gave rise to something-the
"how" and "why." Focus on causes.
Illustrate:
Explain your answer by providing concrete examples.
Interpret:
Explain the meaning of something, based on your own informed judgment.
Justify:
Present convincing evidence to prove or show grounds for your answer.
List:
Do not write an essay in response to a "list" question; just concisely list
the items requested in the question.
Outline:
Present main points in a concise, systematic arrangement.
Relate:
Emphasize connections and associations between two or more items.
State:
Express the points in a brief, concise form.
Summarize:
Give all the main points in a condensed form. Omit less important details
and do not elaborate.
Trace:
Give a description of progress, historical sequence or development from the
point of origin.
Try this
question for practice:
Critically trace
the
statement
of the
analyzed
comparison
/
contrast definition.
In
outline
form
list
all
enumerations
and interpretations
of the
discussed
illustrations
and
evaluative justifications.
Good luck
on test day!
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