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Eastern Religions

Primary Source Texts
Read & Discussion

The purpose of this assignment is to familiarize you with some of the more popular and important texts that inform some of the religions of Asia.

What is a "Primary Source Text"?
A "primary source text" is authored by and/or used by people within the religion. As an example, the Bible is the primary source text for Christianity. Your textbook for this course is an example of a secondary text - it is not used by these religions but, rather, tells about them from an "outsider's" perspective. Primary source texts are (and inform) an "insider's" perspective.*

Throughout the semester you will read a series of four primary source texts and there will be a total of four in-class discussions (one on each text):

Four primary source texts:

All of these texts are being read in translation. There are various translations available, each with its pros and cons (some easier to understand and more or less literal translation). The use of different translations can be valuable as each may shed light on the other. 

You can purchase your text in the campus bookstore, in any good bookstore in your community (e.g. Barnes&Noble), or online through Amazon (or other online book sellers). You may also be able to borrow these texts from a public or college library (they are on reserve in the Woodbridge campus library). These texts are also available at various locations on the Web. Just make sure that whatever text you use contains the "full-text" rather than select chapters (I have indicated, above, the number of chapters you should find in each text). If you are unsure of the version/edition you have selected, ask your mentor about it.

Preparation (outside of class):

  1. Students are to read each text, in full, as assigned and be prepared to contribute to group discussion in class as scheduled.

  2. Each student is to write five questions regarding the content of the text. Questions are be specific to the actual content of the primary text itself, not more general about the religion nor about the history or background information on the text, nor on any remarks by the editor or translator. No more than one question may be true-false/yes-no type. At least one or two questions should be interpretation/application type questions.

Examples of the kind of questions you might pose:

  • How does the Gita explain the idea of reincarnation? (2:22)

  • Identify three passages in the Analects where the Golden Rule can be found. (5:12, 12:2, 15:24)

  • What do you think Buddha meant when he said… (quote and cite passage in question)?

  • How might you see the advice in chapter X of the Tao Te Ching relating to your life? (quote passage in question)

Be sure to provide chapter and verse (not page number) citation with your questions, indicating where the answer can be found (as per examples, above).

  1. For discussion bring to class: the text and your five questions (typewritten on paper) (each student will hand in these questions as evidence of being prepared to participate) (questions may be emailed to the instructor at least one hour before class session)

Discussion process (in class):

  1. In class, small groups will review questions from each student and decide on five of the best to pass on to another group to answer (do not include the chapter & verse answers)

Criteria for “good” questions:

  • Moderately challenging (neither too simple nor too difficult) (no more than one true/false)

  • Well phrased, clear (not vague) and specific

  • Specific to the content of the text in question

  • Include at least one or two of the interpretation/application questions

  1. Each group will then receive a list of five questions to find answers to, collaborating to come to an agreement on the correct (or best) answer. Do not simply divide the questions and have just one group member work on one question alone. At least have others in the group review and verify answers that others identify. Provide chapter & verse citation where each answer is found.

  2. Groups (or the instructor) will share questions and answers with the entire class.

  3. Peer review: identify any group members who you feel were under prepared, unfamiliar with the text and/or did not do their fair share to collaborate on both parts of the groupwork. Also identify any group members who you feel contributed the most to the groupwork.

If you will be absent on the day of discussion you may get partial credit by providing your list of questions to be considered. Email these to the instructor at least one hour before class.

 

If you come to class unprepared (do not bring your five questions), you will be sent to the library to read the text and write a personal response for partial credit:

  • What would you say is the most important main idea or theme of this text? 

  • What was your overall impression of the text? Did you like it? Why or why not? 

  • What most impressed you about this text? What most puzzled you (cite some specific passages)? 

  • What universal and eternal truths could you see in the text (cite some specific passages)? How could you see these truths applying to your own life and/or our own culture? 

  • Did you detect any similarities between the text and some other sacred text you may be more familiar with (such as one from your own religion) (cite some specific passages)?

 

Grading based on:

  • preparation (bringing five typed questions to discussion)

  • level of participation in groupwork (minus or plus points for each text, based on peer review)

  • for each of four texts  (minus one letter grade for each text you do not read and discuss)


*An "outsider" is someone who is not a follower of the religion they discuss; an "insider" is someone who is a follower of the religion they discuss. In other words, we can be informed by someone outside or inside of a given religion. Either may be more or less knowledgeable, more or less biased or objective, and have any number of "agendas" for discussing what they do, that will inform the way they present the material.

Created by Laura Ellen Shulman 

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Last updated: January 01, 2012