Trace Europe's intellectual developments through the years of the Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment and the Romantic period. What characterized the beliefs of each period and how were these beliefs altered by each successive intellectual development? How did each movement result in the following concept? Provide examples from each of the three intellectual periods that support your argument.

The French Revolution had wide ranging influence around Europe and the world. What was the French Revolution? What main events occurred during the Revolution and why were they significant? Why did it occur, and why did different groups choose to support or oppose the Revolution? What were the most important ideas that were spread by the Revolution, and why were they so significant? What long term influences did the French Revolution have on the rest of Europe and the wider world?

“Napoleon both preserved and destroyed the ideals of the French Revolution.” Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Discuss the ideals of the Revolution and support your clearly stated opinion with at least three well-explained examples for both how he preserved and destroyed the revolution.

What was the industrial revolution (IR)? Why did England experience it before any other portion of the world? How did the IR influence life for those in Europe and rest of the world? What long term influences did the IR have on European politics, society, and economic development?

“Romanticism was a reaction to the dominant ideas of the Enlightenment.” Do you agree or disagree with this statement? How did these principles affect European life in the 1800s? Support your clearly stated opinion with at least three well-explained examples.

What was the Congress of Vienna? What issues did it attempt to resolve? Was it successful? How did it deal with the notion of nationalism? How did the Congress of Vienna alter the course of European history during the 19th Century? What were some of the long term influences of the Congress?

Why did revolutions break out all over Europe in the middle of the 1800s? What (if any) were the unifying themes of the revolutionaries? Why did the revolutions fail? How did the revolutions influence life in Europe?

The early 1800s saw the origins of ways of viewing the world that still reverberate today. Define conservatism, liberalism and socialism. What principles did each stand for and who was most likely to support these concepts? How did each of these ideologies effect society and politics in the early years of the 1800s? Examine the thoughts of Karl Marx: his views on economics and politics, economics and thought, the working class, why Marxism gained adherents and his historical importance.

The political situation in Europe underwent dramatic change in the 1860s and 70s. What influence did nationalism have on the political events in Italy and Germany? What was the process by which Germany and Italy unified? How did the unification of Germany and Italy change Europe?

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