• What is an operating system?
• Purpose of operating system – OS vs NOS
• Types of operating system

• History    
  
• "DOS 0"
  
• 86-DOS, Q-DOS - Tim Patterson of Seattle Computer Products [Z-80 MS-SoftCard for CP/M on Apple II, 8086 - no CP/M]
  
• DOS 1 - flat files
• DOS 2 - hierarchical files
• DOS 3 - utilities [internal vs. external]
  
• DOS 4 - shell [BASIC w/ drop-downs]
  
• DOS 5 - DOSshell - graphical quality
• DOS 6 - compression
• DOS 7 - to today [sorta]
  
• Command line [C:>]
  

• Stand-alone
1.0 - 286 (16-bit processor)


2.0 - 386 (32bit processor)


3.0 - successful (with Word, Excel, and later PowerPoint) [May 1990]


3.1 - with .wav
 

• Networked

 

CLIENT- Side LEGACY CODE (16/32 BITS)	SERVER-Side NEW TECHNOLOGY (32 BITS)
3.11 – with LANmaster	NT 3.1  NT 3.5 (NTAS) NetBIOS/NetBEUI NT 3.51 PowerPC Version
4.0 – Win 95 ["Chicago"]	NT 4 (Workstation/Server) TCP/IP       [SAM + CDDB]
4.2 – OSR2 (Win 96) - FAT 32 support	SP 1 - SP 6
4.5 – Win 98	{NT 4.1 - NT 4.6}
4.7 – Win 98 SE
4.9 – Windows Me (Millenium Edition)
	NT 5 (Workstation-Client/Servers)                 [Active Directory]
	Windows 2000 Professional (Client)
	Windows 2000 Server (Standard) Advanced Server/ Data Center Server
	NT 5.1 Windows XP Client ["Whistler"}
	Windows XP Professional, Windows XP for Home - SP1, SP2
	NT 5.2 Windows Server 2003 [Windows Server System]
	Windows Server 2003 (Win2K3) [Windows XP Server, .NET Server, Betas, RC1,2; SP 1, R2, SP2 Small Business Server inclusion Standard Edition Enterprise Edition Web Edition Data Center Edition Storage Server Edition Compute Cluster Edition (mid-late 2005) R2 (early 2005)
	NT 6 ("Blackcomb"/"Longhorn")
	Windows Vista Client ["Bringing clarity to your world"] [Windows XP Professional SE (5.4-6)] ["Longhorn"}-- beta 1 edition - 3 Aug 05 first release OEM edition late 2006 (November), general public release January 2007 [fluid GUI, "bread-crumbs," side-panel gadgets with clock, no WIN FS
	NT 6.5 Windows 7 Client - smaller kernel, metadata search, etc.? M1 [1/08}, M2 [4/08], release - (2009-2010) NT 7 "Blackcomb" --> "Vienna"  Windows 7, SP1 released October 22, 2009 Windows Server 2008 (Win2K8) [Windows XP Server SE (5.5/6)] [Windows 2007], (still Longhorn!), (February 2008), with Hyper-V for virtualization (x86-64 only), SP1; SP2, R2 (two new families of Azure OS server), PowerShell
	NT 7 Windows 8 Client -- PCs, laptop (portables), smartphones, tablets (Azure OS Guest - full virtual Client) Windows 8 Server -- expanded processing for the Cloud (Azure Server OS)

• Windows and the Cloud (virtualization is the path)
  
• Midori  - managed code "operating system " [Singularity project]

• Microkernel (MinWin) language-based [uses M -programming language, related to XAML]
  
• Oslo composite application initiative
  [see Google - Midori, MS]
  
  

Novell:

Personal NetWare 1.0 (Version for PCs)

Netware 2.15 (on DR-DOS)   [IPX/SPX]     

Netware 3.11 (on DR-DOS)        The Bindery, 32-bits

Netware 4 (Windows) - NDS

Netware 5 - TCP/IP standard (before IPX/SPX), 64-bits

Netware 6 - Internet oriented (iPrint, iDirectory, iFolder with https - Blowfish 128bit keys) with support for:

• CIFS (Computer Internet File System) for Windows Clients
• AFP (Appletalk Filing Protocol) for Mac Clients 
• NIS/NFS for Unix Clients
  
  
• with NSS 3.0 (Novell Storage Services), up to 8 TB (terabyte) harddisk storage; Storage Pools
  
• up to 255 Logical Volumes
• IPP  (Internet Printing Protocol) for control of printers over the Internet

               DISAPPEARING

DR-DOS  ==>  SuSELinux

Novell Netware - support ended March 2010 (with transition over to SUSE LINUX Enterprise

    Novell Linux Desktop 9 (PC-oriented)

SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (SLED)

    SUSE Linux LINUX Professional 9.2

    SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9                                                                    {Novell --> X - Family}

SUSE Linux Enterprise 10

    SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 10 (SLED)

    SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 (SLES)

    SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 (SLED)

    SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 (SLES)

Novell ZENworks® - Virtualization for the Cloud

Apple:

AppleTalk - Designed for Apple II, Apple unique cabling scheme [connector boxes]

LocalTalk – Designed for MacIntoshI, CSMA/CA, only 230.4kbps

Ethertalk – Changeover for compatibility with many others, CSMA/CD

TokenTalk – Changeover for compatibility with IBM, token passing

Adaptation to the world of TCP/IP

System 1-9 (AppleDOS)  ==>  Mac OS X ( CMU Mach/FreeBSD 5, Darwin — the Open Source, UNIX-based foundation, "100 innovations" claimed by Apple)

OS X, Version 10.0 -  Cheetah   (Initial version Aqua GUI)
OS X, Version 10.1 -  Puma   ("cleanup" improvements)
OS X, Version 10.2 -  Jaguar   (Quartz Extreme, accelerated display, PDF)
OS X, Version 10.3 -  Panther   (Exposé thumbnails, AES 128-bit encryption)                      {Apple --> X - Family}
OS X, Version 10.4 -  Tiger   (Automator - workflow, Dashboard widgets)
OS X, Version 10.5 -  Leopard   (3-D GUI, virtual desktop, automatic B/U)
OS X, Version 10.6 -  Snow Leopard   (Intel-only, 64-bits technology, up to 15TB RAM, summer '09)

OS X, Version 10.X  ... or maybe even 11 -  Cougar, Lynx ?

UNIX:

From origin designed for networks (BSD - UC, Berkeley) , multi-user, multi-programming, [multi-processing], University-affiliation strong

Incorporates TCP/IP into its early design - BIND

GUI later – Xwindow system (MIT - Athena project, now X11R6), CDE, KDE, GNOME                   {X - Family}

Too many variants/flavors (SVR4, AIX, AUX, HP-UX, Ultrix, UI, SunOS - Solaris)

• Predecessor - MINIX, Unix-like operating system based on a microkernel architecture. [Andrew S. Tanenbaum - educational purposes]
• UNIX-like created by Linus Torwalds [1991]
  
• Built with command line interface
• Later versions command with good and definitely improving GUI (CDE,KDE,GNOME, Ximian)
• Low cost - supplemented with growing treasury of applications (Koffice, StarOffice, OpenOffice,etc.)
• Includes the capability of virtualization with Xen
• Part of  "LAMP"  Open-Source web bundle (Linux, Apache, MySQL and Perl/PHP/Python)
• Many variants/flavors (a strength/a weakness)
• **  SuSe [Novell] also SuSe Linux
  
• **  RedHat  also Fedora
  
• **  Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Edubuntu) "humanity toward others" [sponsored by Canonical Ltd, owned by South African billionaire entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth]
• *  Lindows (Linspire)    also Freespire
• Corel
• Mandrake (Mandriva)
  
• Slackware
• Debian (Deb + Ian)
  
• BSD (NetBSD, BSDi, Open BSD, FreeBSD)
• MEPIS
• Xandros
  
• Caldera-Openlinux
• Gentoo
• Knoppix (gnu linux)  *
  
• Bastille Linux                                                                                              {X - Family}
• Bonzai
• Connectiva Linux
• Yellow dog
• Linux PPC Live
• MSC linux 2002
• Progeny Linux
• Sun Wah Linux
• SCO Linux
• Thiz Linux
• Turbolinux
• Netwosix
• CentOS
  
• Foresight - new just last month
• Asianux (Red Flag - China, Miracle Linux - Japan, Haansoft - Korea)
  
• QNX? Neutrino RTOS
  
• and too many others unknown
  

Which is better - Linux or Microsoft (Vista?)

Which is better - Linux or Microsoft (Windows 7) or the Mac OS X?

As of:    October 30, 2011
Email:  ckellermann@nvcc.edu