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"Flowers for Algernon"
by Daniel Keyes

Publishing DataPreviewNavigation GuideFurther Exploration
Publishing Data

Originally published in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, April 1959

Won the Hugo for Best Short Story.

Preview
A retarded man keeps a diary detailing what happens when he undergoes intelligence-enhancing surgery.
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Navigation Guide

From what point of view is the story told? How is this point of view effective?

What is the scientific basis for this story? How realistic is it?

Characterize Charlie Gordon at the beginning of the story. Is he happy? Describe the ways that the following people relate to him at first:

  • his coworkers
  • his teacher Miss Kinnian
  • the scientists Dr. Nemur and Dr. Strauss
How does Keyes demonstrate to the reader Charlie's increasing intelligence?

Describe the way that Charlie's perception of the following people changes:

  • his coworkers
  • Miss Kinnian
  • the scientists Dr. Nemur and Dr. Strauss
After the surgery, is Charlie now happy? What does the retarded boy in the restaurant reveal to Charlie about himself?
What is Charlie's tragedy? Does it have any realistic parallels?
At the end of the story is Charlie better off for his short experience as a genius?
What is the scientists' role in this experiment? Do they act responsibly?
If Charlie were your child, would you submit him to this operation? What if you knew before you agreed what the final outcome would be?
Explain the significance of the title of the story.
The expanded, novel-length version of the story includes a detailed love relationship between Charlie and Miss Kinnian. Is this addition to the story successful or not?
 
 
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Further Exploration
Keyes expanded this story to novel length in 1966. This longer version tied with Babel-17 by Samuel R. Delany for a Nebula Award.
The story was filmed as Charly in 1968. Star Cliff Robertson won an Oscar for his portrayal of the title character.
Compare to The Speed of Dark (2003) by Elizabeth Moon in which a high-functioning autistic must decide whether to undergo treatment to make him normal.
Compare to "More Than the Sum of His Parts" (1985) by Joe Haldeman in which an engineer keeps a diary as he turns himself into a cyborg.
 
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