NVCC
COLLEGE-WIDE COURSE CONTENT SUMMARY
BIO 232 - HUMAN
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II (4 CR.)
Revised 1/97
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Integrates the study
of gross and microscopic anatomy with physiology emphasizing the analysis
and interpretation of physiological data. Prerequisites are one year of
college biology and one year of college chemistry or divisional approval.
Lecture 3 hours. Recitation and laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week.
GENERAL COURSE PURPOSE
The purpose of this
college transfer course is to provide the student with an opportunity to
study the bodily structure through anatomical studies and the fundamental
biological, chemical, and physical principles that govern the physiology
of the human body.
The course is designed
for students pursuing programs in pre-medicine, pre-dentistry, nursing,
physical therapy, physical education, medical technology, selected paramedical
areas, and biology.
ENTRY LEVEL COMPETENCIES
Prerequisite skills
and information necessary for entrance to the course may be obtained from
a first year introductory biology course. Introductory abilities should
include use of elementary chemical symbols and notations; understanding
of the basic biological processes such as cellular respiration, cell division,
cell membrane processes and protein synthesis, and ability to explain how
homeostatic controls can regulate body functions.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of
this course, the student should be able to:
CARDIOVASCULAR - CIRCULATORY
& LYMPHATIC
A. describe the components
of the blood, plasma and formed elements, and functions of each
B. identify the major
parts of the heart, forces necessary to circulate blood through the heart,
and factors that influence the efficiency of functioning
C. identify the major
subdivisions of the circulatory system, respective major vessels, and the
organs served
D. distinguish between
veins, arteries, and capillaries in terms of structure and function
E. explain the principal
factors that affect blood flow throughout the circulatory system
F. identify the major
organs of the lymphatic system and their roles
G. describe the formation
of lymph and trace its pathway to enter the circulatory system
H. relate the major
immunological functions of the T- and B-lymphocytes
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
A. describe the anatomy
of the respiratory system
B. explain the physical
mechanisms and controls that regulate gas exchange between:
1. environment and
lungs
2. lungs and blood
3. blood and tissues
C. discuss the chemical
transport of the gases in the blood and role in the buffering action of
the blood
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM &
METABOLISM
A. trace the digestion
of the major food groups through the digestive system by identifying:
1. the organs transversed
2. mechanical and
chemical events involved in digestion
3. mechanisms of absorption
4. factors that regulate
the motility and elimination
B. describe the structure
of the accessory digestive organs and their roles in the digestive processes
C. describe the intermolecular
conversion between the carbohydrate, lipid, and protein pools
D. using glycolysis,
Krebs citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, beta-oxidation, transamination,
and deamination, explain the energetics of foods and nutritions
E. explain the role
of hormones in the control of the metabolic processes
URINARY SYSTEM, FLUID
& ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, ACID-BASE BALANCE
A. describe the organs
of the urinary system and their functions
B. explain the processes
involved in the formation of the filtrate, tubular reabsorption and secretion,
and urine concentration
C. compare the physical
and chemical characteristics of plasma, filtrate and urine
D. explain the mechanisms
of control of the major electrolytes found in the body
E. explain the mechanisms
of fluid regulation - intake, tissue exchange, and output
F. define pH and major
sources of hydrogen and basic ions
G. describe the major
buffering systems and how they control the pH of the body fluids
H. distinguish between
acidosis and alkalosis and discuss their treatment
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM &
EMBRYOLOGY
A. explain the major
events of meiosis and their consequences in spermatogenesis and oogenesis
B. identify the major
structures and functions of the male genital system and trace the path
of sperm from their origin to exit from the body
C. explain the control
mechanisms that regulate male fertility
D. describe the primary
and secondary organs of the female reproductive system and their functions
E. describe the female
sexual cycles and their control mechanisms
F. identify and describe
the events of ovulation, fertilization and implantation
G. describe the formation
and significance of the placenta
H. trace the formation
of the three embryonic tissue types and their derivatives.
I. describe the development
and biological importance of the extraembryonic membranes
J. discuss the major
events and structure susceptibilities during the three trimesters
K. describe the birth
process and the assessment of the newborn
MAJOR TOPICS TO BE
COVERED
A. Circulatory and
lymphatic systems
B. Respiratory system
C. Digestive system
and metabolism
D. Urinary system,
fluid and electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance
E. Reproductive system
and embryology
Laboratory topics and
activities should be parallel with the lecture topics with emphasis upon:
A. Comparative studies
using cat dissection
B. Observational studies
using models of the human body
C. Microscopic studies
D. Physiographic exercises
OPTIONAL TOPICS
A. Micro pathology
B. Treatment modalities
C. Diagnostic procedures
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